Högskolan Dalarna (Sweden) - Institute of Political Science 

 

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Centrum för klinisk forskning

 

                                                                  

 

Hello!

We are conducting a study on the accessibility of primary healthcare services for migrants in Sweden and would appreciate your taking part by completing a questionnaire. 

For the purposes of this study, the term ‘migrant’ refers to people who have crossed international borders to come to Sweden, including those who have come to work or study, those joining family members, current and former asylum seekers, refugees, and people without permission to stay in Sweden (so-called ‘undocumented migrants’). 

The aim of the study is to increase our understanding of how primary healthcare in Sweden is equipped to ensure equal access to healthcare for everyone, including migrants. More information about the study and what it means to take part can be found at Information for research participants. 

You are welcome to take part in the study if you:

  • Are aged 18 years or above
  • Were born outside of Sweden and came to Sweden to settle here
  • Have sought or attempted to seek care at a primary healthcare center in Sweden

You will be asked to complete a questionnaire containing multiple-choice questions, as well as space to write your answers to open-ended questions using your own words.

The questionnaire should take 15–20 minutes to complete if you can read the questions yourself, and up to 45 minutes if you need help with reading or translating the questions into your own language.

 

Your participation is voluntary and you may choose to withdraw from the study at any time.

Your responses will be treated anonymously – meaning we will not collect any information that can be directly linked to you (for example we will not ask for your name or personal ID number).

Since your responses are anonymous, they cannot be changed or deleted once you have submitted the questionnaire.

By submitting the questionnaire, you consent to taking part in the study.

 

Contact

Please feel free to contact the researchers if you have any questions about the study: 

 

Responsible for the project/ Principal Investigator

Fatumo Osman, Professor in care sciences: migration and equity in health

Dalarna University, 791 88 Falun. E-post: fos@du.se Telefon: 023-77 82 20

 

Research team

  1. Junia Joffer (Doktor i folkhälsovetenskap, Region Dalarna), junia.joffer@regiondalarna.se
  2. Sarah Hamed (Doktor i sociologi, Kings College London; anknuten till Högskolan Dalarna), sarah.hamed@kcl.ac.uk
  3. Chenai Rücker (Doktorand: Centrum för Klinisk Forskning Region Dalarna/ Högskolan Dalarna), scm@du.se
Will someone assist you complete this questionnaire?
Who will assist you?
Information to the person assisting:

Thank you for your assistance.

-  Read questions and response options as they are written.

-  Explain words or instructions if needed.

-  Encourage the respondent to provide their own answers.

-  Do not give suggestions or try to influence the respondent’s answer.

-  Respect the respondent's privacy and confidentiality.

-  If you record answers for the respondent, make sure that what you write accurately reflects the respondent's views and experiences.

QUESTIONNAIRE

Important information: Because this is an anonymous survey, responses are only recorded when you click "Submit" at the end of the questionnaire.

 

If you close the survey before submitting it, your responses will be lost.

BACKGROUND QUESTIONS
1.
How old are you? Select only one option below
2.
In which country where you born? 
3.
In which country was your mother born? Write "Not known" if you do not know.
4.
In which country was your father born? Write "Not known" if you do not know..
5.
In which year did you come to live in Sweden? 
6.
For what reason did you come to Sweden? Select only one option below     
7.
What is your current residence status? Select only one option below
8.
What is your native language/s? You may write more than one language 
9.
Do you need an interpreter when communicating with healthcare providers? Select only one option below    
10.
What is your gender? Select only one option below  
11.
Which county/ region in Sweden do you currently live in?
12.
What is the highest level of education you have attained? Select only one option below
13.
During the past 12 months, have you had difficulties paying for everyday expenses such as food, rent, utility bills, and other household costs?
14.
Would you or your household be able to pay an unexpected expense of 15,000 SEK within one month without borrowing money or asking for help?
15.
What is your current main occupation or activity? Select only one option below. If more than one option applies, choose the one that best describes your situation.
To show that you are reading the questions carefully, please select "Always" for this question.
HEALTH QUESTIONS
16.
In general, how would you describe your own health? Select only one option below.
17.
Do you have any of the following long-term illnesses, conditions, or health problems? Select all the options that apply
18.
Have you received a diagnosis for the condition(s) you mentioned above?
19.
During the previous 12 months, when you received care, has any healthcare professional you have seen for your long-term illness, condition, or health problem...
 YesNo
a.    … discussed with you your main goals or priorities regarding this  condition?
b.    … discussed with you your treatment options?
c.    … given you a written plan to help you manage your own care? 
d.    … informed you about the next step in your care and treatment?
20.
In general, do you feel that you have had enough support from health professionals to help you manage your health problems?
ACCESSIBILITY QUESTIONS
21.
Thinking of access overall, how difficult or easy was it to obtain the healthcare services you needed within the past 12 months? Select only one option below
22.
During the last 12 months, have you ever considered yourself to be in need of healthcare but refrained from seeking care?
23.
What was the reason for not seeking healthcare even though you needed it? You may select more than one option 
24.
During the last 12 months: how many times have you had contact with the primary healthcare center (vårdcentral)?
(for example visited a primary healthcare center/vårdcentral, had a video or telephone consultation with healthcare professionals) Select only one option below
25.
Is there one doctor you usually go to for your healthcare? Select only one option below
26.
Is there a primary healthcare center (vårdcentral) or clinic that you usually visit for most of your healthcare needs? This does not include the hospital emergency department.
27.
When you contact your regular primary healthcare center during normal opening hours, how often do you receive a response on the same day?
The contact may for example be via telephone or digital platforms. Select only one option below
28.
Do you have access to the internet via a smartphone, computer, or tablet?
29.
Do you use any form of electronic identification (e.g. BankID or Freja eID) to access digital services in Sweden?
30.
During the past 12 months, have you used BankID or Freja eID to log in to 1177 (on the website or in the app) to…
 YesNo
a.    … communicate with your primary healthcare center (vårdcentral) about medical questions or concerns
b.    … request for renewal of prescriptions from your primary healthcare center (vårdcentral)
c.    … request for an appointment at your primary healthcare center (vårdcentral) 
d.    … read your medical records or view your test results
31.
How often does your doctor or someone from your primary care center help coordinate or plan the care you receive from other doctors and healthcare providers?
(Coordination may include, for example, helping to schedule appointments, following up to ensure you receive recommended care, and making sure that other healthcare providers have access to important information.) Select only one option below
32.
When you need healthcare or treatment, how often does your doctor or healthcare professional...
 AlwaysOftenSometimesRarely or never
a.    … know important information about your medical history?
b.    … spend sufficient time with you?
c.    … involve you as much as you would like in decisions about your care and treatment?
d.    … explain things clearly and in a way that is easy for you to understand?
33.
Do you agree with the following statement: Information about healthcare services is:
 YesNoUnsure
a.    Easy to find
b.    Easily accessible to migrants and other groups who do not speak Swedish as their primary language
c.    Easy to understand
d.   Useful
e.    Clear about which healthcare costs the patient must pay themselves
34.
How easy or difficult is it to get medical care during evenings, weekends, or public holidays without visiting a hospital emergency department? Select only one option below
35.
Last time you were sick or needed medical attention, how quickly could you get an appointment to see a doctor or nurse?
(This can include an in-person appointment or an appointment you had over the telephone or through video. Please do not include a visit to the hospital emergency room). Select only one option below
36.
Have you ever had a scheduled healthcare appointment postponed or delayed because an interpreter was not available?
37.
In the last 12 months, have you avoided seeking medical treatment because it was too expensive? Select only one option below
38.
In the last 12 months, have you avoided buying medicine because it was too expensive? Select only one option below
39.
In the past 12 months, have you ever avoided seeking healthcare because taking time off from work or school would result in lost income or reduced pay? Select only one option below
40.
Discrimination Scale in Medical Settings (DMS Scale)
When you have been in contact with healthcare services, have you ever experienced any of the following because of your ethnic background?
 NeverRarelySometimesMost of the timesAlways
a.    You are treated with less courtesy than other people
b.    You are treated with less respect than other people
c.    You receive poorer service than others
d.   A healthcare worker (e.g. doctor or nurse) acts as if they think you are not smart
e.    A healthcare worker (e.g. doctor or nurse) acts as if they are afraid of you 
f.    A healthcare worker (e.g. doctor or nurse) acts as if they are better than you
g.    You feel like a healthcare worker (e.g. doctor or nurse) is not listening to what you were saying
41.
When receiving healthcare, have you ever been treated unfairly or felt that your health concerns were not taken seriously due to any of the following : Select all options that apply
42.
What is your experience of healthcare professionals’ attitudes and behavior at your primary healthcare center? (vårdcentral)?
(Healthcare staff include doctors, nurses, midwives, physiotherapists, psychologists, counselors, nursing assistants, and medical secretaries working at the primary healthcare center/ vårdcentral)
43.
What do you consider to be the main obstacles to getting the healthcare you need at a primary healthcare center (vårdcentral)?
44.
What could be done to improve your access to healthcare at your primary healthcare center (vårdcentral)?
45.
What is your experience of using translators during a healthcare visit?
46.
Do you have any other comments regarding accessing healthcare at primary healthcare centers (vårdcentraler) in Sweden?
47.
How important do you think it is to be able to access health information via the internet? Select only one option below
On which continent were you born?